Devanagari: नवधा भक्ति ISO15919: navadhā bhakti
The nine processes of devotion as described by Prahlada (Bhagavatam 7.5.23) and accepted by Vaishnava spiritual masters: shravanam - hearing, kirtanam - congregational chanting, smarana - remembrance, dasya - servitude, sakhya - friendship, archana - worship, vandana - singing the glories of God, pada sevana - serving the lotus feet of God, and atma nivedana - complete surrender.
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Out of all these, smarana (remembrance) is considered the life force of the remaining eight practices. Without smaraṇa, the practice of bhakti will not yield any spiritual benefit.
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